What a Physiatrist Does—and Why PM&R Matters for Pain and Mobility

Juliet Gaisey, MD

Board-Certified Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Physician

Many patients—and even some healthcare providers—are not familiar with the role of a physiatrist. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) is a medical specialty focused on restoring function, reducing pain, and improving quality of life through non-surgical, evidence-based care.

A physiatrist is uniquely trained to evaluate how injury, illness, or chronic conditions affect movement and daily function—and to develop a comprehensive plan that addresses both pain and mobility.

What Does a Physiatrist Treat?

Physiatrists commonly treat conditions that impact function and independence, including:

- Back and neck pain

- Joint pain (knee, shoulder, hip)

- Sciatica and nerve-related pain

- Osteoarthritis

- Mobility limitations and deconditioning

- Post-injury or post-surgical recovery

These conditions are among the leading causes of disability worldwide.

How Is a Physiatrist Different from Other Specialists?

Patients with pain and mobility issues often see multiple providers, but physiatry focuses on integrating care:

- Primary care physicians manage overall health

- Orthopedic surgeons focus on surgical solutions

- Physical therapists provide rehabilitation

A physiatrist bridges these roles—combining diagnosis, functional assessment, and non-surgical interventions to guide a coordinated treatment plan.

What Treatments Do Physiatrists Provide?

Treatment is individualized and may include:

- Ultrasound-guided joint and spine injections

- Targeted rehabilitation programs

- Pain management strategies

- Assistive device recommendations

- Coordination with physical and occupational therapy

Why PM&R Matters for Pain and Mobility

Many patients assume surgery is the next step when pain persists. However, most musculoskeletal conditions can first be managed with non-surgical treatments.

Physiatry focuses on:

- Identifying the root cause of pain

- Improving strength, mobility, and endurance

- Reducing reliance on medications

- Supporting long-term functional outcomes

Who Should See a Physiatrist?

You may benefit from seeing a physiatrist if you have:

- Persistent back, joint, or nerve pain

- Difficulty walking or performing daily activities

- Limited improvement with prior treatments

- A desire to avoid or delay surgery

Takeaway

Physiatrists specialize in helping patients move better, function better, and live with less pain—without relying on surgery as the first option.